卫星激光通信粗跟踪系统复合控制策略

针对卫星激光通信粗跟踪系统的跟踪稳定精度指标要求高的特点,建立了基于永磁同步电机直接驱动的粗跟踪系统模型并进行了跟踪稳定误差分析。在采用传统PID控制策略存在跟踪误差较大、动态性能较差等不足的基础上,提出了一种基于粗跟踪系统的改进型前馈复合控制策略。从理论上分析了前馈复合控制策略提高了粗跟踪系统的动态性能,为降低跟踪稳定误差提供了改善方案。地面实验验证结果表明,与传统控制策略相比,改进型复合控制策略极大地降低了系统的动态跟踪误差,动态跟踪误差由606μrad降低至13μrad(1δ)。进一步的在轨实验也验证了改进型复合控制策略的合理性和先进性,总体指标满足了卫星激光通信终端的极高精度要求。本文所提出的控制策略对其他高性能跟踪伺服系统设计也具有较大的借鉴意义。     

Microscopic investigation of the formation of a thermoset wheat gluten network in a model system relevant for bread making

Although the impact of heat on molecular properties of wheat gluten is well understood, changes in its microstructure have rarely been studied. Here, formation of the thermoset gluten network in a model system relevant for bread baking was studied with confocal laser scanning microscopy and protein network analysis. From 65 °C onwards, gluten converts from thick aligned protein strands in a highly branched and homogeneous network of small thin protein threads. Neither gliadin incorporation in the network nor application of aqualysin 1, the thermo-active serine peptidase from Thermus aquaticus which recently has been reported to hydrolyse gluten proteins in dough only at temperatures exceeding 80 °C, impacts on the gluten microstructure. As starch causes structure setting itself and thereby decreases protein mobility, molecular scale changes in the gluten network at temperatures exceeding 80 °C brought about by aqualysin 1 do not impact its microstructure.     

基于可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱技术的甲烷气体监测研究

设计了一种基于可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱技术的甲烷(CH4)气体监测装置,该装置具有温度监测范围大、监测精度高和实时监测的优点。监测装置的激光光源为波长1650 nm的反馈式激光器,应用波长调谐与锁相放大器技术,对周围环境进行温度补偿与背景扣除,可以较准确地测量周围环境中CH4的体积分数。实验表明,当CH4体积分数小于1%时,该装置的监测精度为±0.02%;当CH4体积分数大于1%时,装置监测误差小于±0.8%,实时监测的最长响应时间为10 s。装置的温度范围为0~40℃,可满足大多数工业生产中对CH4等气体体积分数的监测需求。     

高速激光热丝钎焊表面成形质量的控制

高速激光钎焊会引起熔池流动紊乱导致焊缝成形质量恶化,从而限制了其在汽车制造领域的应用。通过正交试验研究了高速下激光功率、送丝角度等工艺参数对焊缝成形质量的影响,发现焊缝成形质量随激光功率增加和送丝角度减小而提升。激光功率是通过影响熔池获得的热输入,从而影响熔池表面扰动的铺展来影响焊缝成形质量的。送丝角度是通过影响焊丝送入熔池的位置,从而影响焊丝对熔池的扰动强度和扰动的铺展速度来影响焊缝成形质量的。采用正交试验获得的最优工艺参数组合进行试验,获得了表面光滑平整无缺陷的高质量焊缝,为激光钎焊在高速下的应用发展奠定了基础。     

双相不锈钢表面激光熔覆钴基合金组织和性能研究

目的提高2205双相不锈钢的耐磨性和耐腐蚀性能。方法采用激光熔覆技术,在2205双相不锈钢基体表面制备钴基合金熔覆层。用X射线衍射仪、光学显微镜检测钴基合金熔覆层的相组成和显微组织,用能谱仪测定熔覆层和基体界面区域的Fe和Cr元素分布,确定熔覆层界面过渡区域的宽度。用显微硬度计和湿砂磨粒磨损试验机,测试熔覆层硬度和耐磨性能。采用扫描电镜观察摩擦表面的磨损特性,分析钴基合金熔覆层的磨损机理。用电化学工作站测试熔覆层的电化学腐蚀特性,并用2205双相不锈钢作为对比试样做相应的性能试验。结果熔覆层由γ-Co固溶体和少量的Cr7C3、Cr2Ni3化合物相组成,界面处的熔覆层相组织是少量的平面晶和胞状晶,其他区域是发达的树枝晶。由于熔覆层由多道搭接和多层熔覆形成,树枝晶生长有方向性,但不是成固定的方向,并出现明显的分层现象。熔覆层过渡区范围为50μm左右,熔覆层平均显微硬度达477HV(0.1),远高于2205双相不锈钢基体(265HV(0.1))。当磨程达到3354m时,熔覆层的质量损失仅为10.3 mg,约为基体质量损失的1/3。在3.5%NaCl溶液中,熔覆层具有较高的极化电阻与电荷转移电阻和较小的自腐蚀电流。结论熔覆层组织致密,无气孔、裂纹等缺陷,与基体呈良好的冶金结合,钴基合金熔覆层具有良好的耐磨粒磨损性能和耐腐蚀性能。     

激光熔覆SiO2/La2O3梯度生物陶瓷涂层生物活性研究

目的研究SiO_2含量对钛合金表面激光熔覆梯度生物陶瓷涂层生物活性的影响。方法利用激光熔覆技术,采用梯度成分设计思想,固定涂层中稀土氧化物La_2O_3的添加量,在钛合金TC4表面制备了掺杂不同含量SiO_2的梯度生物陶瓷涂层。采用金相显微镜(OM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、噻唑蓝(MTT)及荧光素双醋酸酯(FDA)染色等测试手段,研究了SiO_2含量对激光熔覆制备梯度涂层的组织结构和生物活性的影响。结果 SiO_2在激光熔覆过程中可以降低梯度生物陶瓷涂层的开裂敏感性,并起到细化晶粒的作用。当SiO_2掺杂量为2.5%时,激光熔覆过程中诱导合成的HA+CaTiO_3数量最大;当SiO_2掺杂量为7.5%时,模拟体液(SBF)实验表明,涂层的矿化沉积能力最强。MTT测试表明,SiO_2掺杂量为7.5%的涂层细胞增殖数量的OD值最大,细胞能够紧贴涂层表面生长。FDA染色分析表明,SiO_2掺杂量为7.5%的涂层上细胞数量最多,且分布均匀。结论 SiO_2掺杂量深刻影响着生物活性陶瓷相HA和Ca_2SiO_4数量,进而影响生物陶瓷涂层的生物活性。SiO_2掺杂量为7.5%的涂层具有最佳的生物相容性及生物活性。     

选区激光熔化成形AlSiMg3合金

基于选区激光熔化（SLM）技术熔体快速冷却的特点，通过提高Al-Si-Mg合金中Mg的含量，设计获得SLM技术专用AlSiMg3合金。系统研究了不同工艺参数和时效处理条件对SLM成形AlSiMg3合金组织和硬度的影响。结果表明，SLM成形样品均由α-Al、Si和Mg2Si相构成。高激光能量密度有利于增加粉末样品的成形性，当激光功率为160 W，扫描速度为200 mm/s时，样品具有最低孔隙率0.07%。随着激光扫描速度的增加，样品中富Si组织的比例逐渐升高，Mg元素在α-Al中固溶量逐渐增大，使得SLM成形样品的硬度逐渐升高，最大值为194±3 HV。样品经150 ℃时效处理后，由于α-Al内部纳米颗粒的析出，导致样品硬度增大，最大值为210±2 HV，远高于现有报道的SLM成形Al-Si和Al-Si-Mg铝合金。本研究报道了成形性和力学性能优异的SLM专用Al-Si-Mg合金。     

Microstructure and properties of WC-12Co composite coatings prepared by laser cladding

A comprehensive study of the phase composition, microstructure evolution, microhardness and wear performance of WC-12Co composite coatings fabricated by laser cladding using coaxial powder-feed mode was presented. It was shown that a combination of high scan speed and high laser energy density made WC on the edge of WC-12Co composite powders partially melt in liquid Co and 304 stainless steel matrix, and then new carbides consisting of lamellar WC and herringbone M₃W₃C (M=Fe, Co) were formed. Meanwhile, WC-12Co composite coatings with no porosity, cracks and drawbacks like decarburization were obtained, showing high densification and good metallurgical bonding with the substrate. Furthermore, a considerably high microhardness of HV_0.3 1500-1600, low coefficient of friction of 0.55 and wear rate of (2.15±0.31)×10^-7 mm³/(N·m) were achieved owing to the synergistic effect of excellent metallurgical bonding and fine microstructures of composite coating under laser power of 1500 W.     

Promoted electrocatalytic performance of palladium nanoparticles using doped-NiO supporting materials toward ethanol electro-oxidation in alkaline media

Electrocatalyst support materials play significant role in the performance, durability and commercialization of fuel cells. This research work describes the preparation of metal oxide (nickel oxide (NiO), cobalt (Co) and copper (Cu) doped NiO) support materials on meshed titanium (Ti) substrate via a simple electro-deposition method for their application as novel support material for palladium (Pd) catalyst. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques are employed to study morphology, composition and structure of fabricated electrodes, respectively. The electrocatalytic performance of fabricated electrodes toward ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) in alkaline solution is examined by the cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronoamperometry (CA) techniques. Low peak potential (−0.2 V), increased peak current density (62.54 mA cm⁻²) and large electrochemical active surface area (16.02 m² g⁻¹) were remarkable properties of Pd/Cu–NiO/Ti electrode. The results of other electrochemical measurements, CO-striping voltammetry, long-term stability and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) revealed that the Pd/Cu–NiO/Ti electrode has the privileged electrocatalytic performance for EOR relative to other prepared electrodes. Accordingly, the Pd/Cu–NiO/Ti can be considered as a hopeful electrode for ethanol electro-oxidation reaction in DEFCs.     

Al2O3 eliminating defects in the Al coating by laser cladding to improve corrosion and wear resistance of Mg alloy

Although Al produces a solid metallurgical bonding with Mg alloy substrates, micropores or crevices in the Al coating can reduce the resistance of Mg alloy to corrosion. In this study, a composite coating with a defect-free microstructure was prepared on the AZ31 Mg alloy substrate by introducing Al₂O₃ into the Al matrix via the method of laser cladding. On the one hand, Al₂O₃ with thermal insulation had a low thermal expansion coefficient and was not very prone to voids during laser melting. On the other hand, Al₂O₃ particles with a small size acted as the filler in the micropores or crevices. The Al/Al₂O₃ coating exhibited a smaller current density (2.1 × 10⁻⁶ A/cm²) in comparison with those of bare substrate and Al coating (158.4 × 10⁻⁶ and 3.1 × 10⁻⁶ A/cm², respectively), which was mainly ascribed to the pore-free microstructure and high resistance to corrosion of Al₂O₃ phase. A favorable microhardness value of 95.3 HV was achieved for Al/Al₂O₃ coating, approximately 1.8 times higher than that of Al coating (52.8 V), which was mainly ascribed to the dispersion hardening of Al₂O₃ phase. Meanwhile, the Al/Al₂O₃ coating significantly reduced wear volume from 2.8 mm³/m of Al coating to 0.4 mm³/m, showing great potential for weight reduction applications.